此網頁需要支援 JavaScript 才能正確運行，請先至你的瀏覽器設定中開啟 JavaScript。
第六章．百代秦政—中國歷代王朝如何形塑環境
\@/
1本段依據Maxim Korolkov, “Empire-Building and Market-Making at the Qin Frontier: Imperial Expansion and Economic Change, 221-207 BCE”, chap. 7.
2關於非法拓殖，參看Peter Perdue, Exhausting the Earth: State and Peasant in Hunan, 1500-1850; James Reardon-Anderson, Reluctant Pioneers: China’s Expansion Northward, 1644-1937; John Robert Shepherd, Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier, 1600-1800. 關於國家組織的資源榨取，參看Jonathan Schlesinger, A World Trimmed with Fur: Wild Things, Pristine Places, and the Natural Fringes of Qing.
3Pierre-Etienne Will and Roy Bin Wong, Nourish the People: The State Civilian Granary System in China, 1650-1850.
4「斯密型成長」指的是勞力分工、市場擴大而帶來的經濟成長，相對於化石燃料驅動的工業化所促成的更快速成長而言。Richard Von Glahn, The Economic History of China: From Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century, 9-10; Maxim Korolkov, “Empire-Building and Market-Making at the Qin Frontier: Imperial Expansion and Economic Change, 221-207 BCE.”
5華語人口及其生態系的整體擴張，參看Robert B. Marks, China: An Environmental History; Edwin G. Pulleyblank, “The Chinese and Their Neighbours in Prehistoric and Early Historic Times”; Endymion Wilkinson, Chinese History: A New Manual, sections 25.1, “Internal Migration”, and 25.2, “Becoming Chinese.” 關於珠江三角洲，參看Pamela Crossley, Helen Siu, and Donald Sutton, Empire at the Margins: Culture, Ethnicity and Frontier in Early Modern China, 171-89. 從家譜中去除原住民祖先，參看Michael Szonyi, Practicing Kinship: Lineage and Descent in Late Imperial China.
6對今日華南地方的殖民，參看Erica Brindley, Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, c. 400 BCE-50 CE; Rafe de Crespigny, Generals of the South: The Foundation and Early History of the Three Kingdoms State of Wu; Robert B. Marks, Tigers, Rice, Silk, and Silt: Environment and Economy in Late Imperial South China; Hugh R. Clark, Community, Trade, and Networks: Southern Fujian Province from the Third to the Thirteenth Century; Catherine Churchman, The People between the Rivers: The Rise and Fall of a Bronze Drum Culture, 200-750 CE. 關於四川，參看Richard von Glahn, The Country of Streams and Grottoes: Expansion, Settlement, and the Civilizing of the Sichuan Frontier in Song Times. 關於朝鮮，參看Mark E. Byington, The Han Commanderies in Early Korean History; John S. Lee, “Protect the Pines, Punish the People: Forests and the State in Pre-Industrial Korea, 918-1897.” 關於西南，參看Alice Yao, The Ancient Highlands of Southwest China: From the Bronze Age to the Han Empire; John E. Herman, Amid the Clouds and Mist: China’s Colonization of Guizhou, 1200-1700; Xiaotong Wu et al., “Resettlement Strategies and Han Imperial Expansion into Southwest China: A Multimethod Approach to Colonialism and Migration”; C. Patterson Giersch, Asian Borderlands: The Transformation of Qing China’s Yunnan Frontier; Pamela Crossley, Helen Siu, and Donald Sutton, Empire at the Margins: Culture, Ethnicity and Frontier in Early Modern China; Tana Li, “Towards an Environmental History of the Eastern Red River Delta, Vietnam, c. 900-1400.” 關於日本採用中國式治理，參看Conrad Totman, Japan: An Environmental History, 74-92.
7James C. Scott, The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia; Ian M. Miller, Fir and Empire: The Transformation of Forests in Early Modern China.
8Chun-shu Chang, The Rise of the Chinese Empire; Peter Perdue, China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia; Owen Lattimore, Inner Asian Frontiers of China; David A. Bello, Across Forest, Steppe, and Mountain: Environment, Identity, and Empire in Qing China’s Borderlands; Jonathan Schlesinger, A World Trimmed with Fur: Wild Things, Pristine Places, and the Natural Fringes of Qing.
9根據傳統史料的概述，參看Joseph Needham, Ling Wang, and Gwei-djen Lu, Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 4.3. 關於黃河，參看Mark Elvin, The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China; Ling Zhang, The River, the Plain, and the State: An Environmental Drama in Northern Song China, 1048-1128; David A. Pietz, The Yellow River: The Problem of Water in Modern China. 關於南方和「水力週期」，參看Pierre-Étienne Will, “State Intervention in the Administration of a Hydraulic Infrastructure: The Example of Hubei Province in Late Imperial Times.” 另參看鄭永昌文字撰述，《水到渠成：院藏清代河工檔案輿圖特展》。
10Brian Lander, “State Management of River Dikes in Early China: New Sources on the Environmental History of the Central Yangzi Region.” 凌文超，《走馬樓吳簡采集簿書整理與研究》，頁四二四至四五四。
11治水相關文獻，參看Joseph Needham, Ling Wang, and Gwei-djen Lu, Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 4.3, 323-29. 鄭永昌文字撰述，《水到渠成：院藏清代河工檔案輿圖特展》。關於農書，參看Francesca Bray, Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 6.2, 55-80; Thomas Allsen, Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia, 121-26.
12關於中華人民共和國，參看Robert B. Marks, China: An Environmental History, 307-91.
閱讀時點擊工具列右上角即可新增書籤。
閱讀時滑鼠左鍵選取內容即可增加。